Azure Cloud Engineer · 10+ Years
Platform standards, governance, operating model, metrics, mentoring, and decision frameworks.
Try each answer before revealing the suggested coaching answer.
25 questions
01How would you standardize Azure VM lifecycle across multiple teams as a technical lead or architect?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure VM lifecycle should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure VM lifecycle, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure VM lifecycle → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
02How would you define governance, ownership, and success metrics for managed disks?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: managed disks should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply managed disks, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → managed disks → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
03A leadership team asks you to improve maturity around VNet design. What roadmap would you propose?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: VNet design should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply VNet design, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → VNet design → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
04How would you balance delivery speed, risk, cost, and maintainability for subnets and NSGs?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: subnets and NSGs should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply subnets and NSGs, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → subnets and NSGs → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
05How would you mentor teams that use Azure Firewall basics inconsistently across projects?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure Firewall basics should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure Firewall basics, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure Firewall basics → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
06How would you standardize Azure RBAC across multiple teams as a technical lead or architect?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure RBAC should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure RBAC, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure RBAC → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
07How would you define governance, ownership, and success metrics for Entra ID fundamentals?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Entra ID fundamentals should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Entra ID fundamentals, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Entra ID fundamentals → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
08A leadership team asks you to improve maturity around storage accounts. What roadmap would you propose?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Retrieval-augmented generation fetches relevant, approved context at answer time so a model can ground its response in current source material.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply storage accounts, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → storage accounts → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
09How would you balance delivery speed, risk, cost, and maintainability for private endpoints?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: private endpoints should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply private endpoints, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → private endpoints → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
10How would you mentor teams that use App Service inconsistently across projects?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: App Service should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply App Service, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → App Service → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
11How would you standardize Azure Functions across multiple teams as a technical lead or architect?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure Functions should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure Functions, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure Functions → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
12How would you define governance, ownership, and success metrics for AKS basics?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: AKS basics should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply AKS basics, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → AKS basics → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
13A leadership team asks you to improve maturity around Azure Container Apps. What roadmap would you propose?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure Container Apps should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure Container Apps, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Concrete check
kubectl rollout status deployment/<service> --timeout=90sEvidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure Container Apps → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
14How would you balance delivery speed, risk, cost, and maintainability for Key Vault?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Key Vault should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Key Vault, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Key Vault → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
15How would you mentor teams that use Azure Monitor and Log Analytics inconsistently across projects?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure Monitor and Log Analytics should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure Monitor and Log Analytics, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure Monitor and Log Analytics → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
16How would you standardize Application Gateway across multiple teams as a technical lead or architect?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Application Gateway should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Application Gateway, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Application Gateway → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
17How would you define governance, ownership, and success metrics for Load Balancer?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Load Balancer should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Load Balancer, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Load Balancer → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
18A leadership team asks you to improve maturity around Azure DNS. What roadmap would you propose?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure DNS should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure DNS, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure DNS → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
19How would you balance delivery speed, risk, cost, and maintainability for ARM vs Bicep vs Terraform?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: ARM vs Bicep vs Terraform is a choice between approaches with different strengths. The useful answer is the decision rule, not a dictionary definition.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply ARM vs Bicep vs Terraform, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- Choose the option that fits the workload and constraints; do not present one option as universally superior.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → ARM vs Bicep vs Terraform → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
20How would you mentor teams that use Azure Policy inconsistently across projects?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure Policy should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure Policy, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure Policy → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
21How would you standardize cost management across multiple teams as a technical lead or architect?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: cost management should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply cost management, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → cost management → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
22How would you define governance, ownership, and success metrics for high availability zones?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: high availability zones should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply high availability zones, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → high availability zones → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
23A leadership team asks you to improve maturity around backup and site recovery. What roadmap would you propose?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: backup and site recovery should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply backup and site recovery, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → backup and site recovery → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
24How would you balance delivery speed, risk, cost, and maintainability for hybrid connectivity?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: hybrid connectivity should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply hybrid connectivity, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → hybrid connectivity → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
25How would you mentor teams that use Azure security best practices inconsistently across projects?
A technical-leadership answer
Say this first: Azure security best practices should be explained through its purpose, the boundary where it applies, and the evidence that shows it is working.
Use a real scenario
Imagine a customer-facing API that must survive a regional dependency failure. The team must decide how to apply Azure security best practices, verify the result, and explain the user impact. For an Azure Cloud Engineer, attach the explanation to a runbook and recovery test result.
Show judgment
- make the decision criteria visible across teams and create a safe default path.
- State the constraint that could change your decision, such as scale, data sensitivity, recovery target, or team ownership.
- Call out a broad outage or an untested recovery path and the control that reduces it.
Concrete check
Review the least-privilege policy, then test the denied path as well as the allowed path.Evidence to mention
Track availability, recovery time, and cost per request. Say what baseline you compared against, what would trigger a rollback or escalation, and who owns the follow-up.
request or change → guardrail / validation → Azure security best practices → observable result → owner reviewPractice prompt: Explain the escalation route when a broad outage or an untested recovery path conflicts with delivery pressure.
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Further reading
These are original practice questions and suggested answers. Adapt them to your own work and explain evidence, trade-offs, and limitations.